Syrian rebel fighters pray before leaving the city limits of Harasta, in the eastern Damascus suburb of Ghouta, accepting the army’s terms and abandoning the town: photo Omar Sanadiki: image via Reuters Pictures @reuterpictures, 12:15 PM 22 March 2018

The calculable law of tragedy is framed by and enacted within a scene of loss

from which no forced bus trip to Idlib and emprisonment and death

by revenge

offers deliverance

Crazy night every sense of the word No words can describe yesterday night It was a hard night #Douma #Eastern_Ghouta: image via Mouneb Taim @mouneb_abo_taim, 19 March 2018

Syria rebels depart eastern Ghouta town on government buses in first surrender: Reuters, 2:24 AM 22 March 2018

BEIRUT/DAMASCUS (Reuters) - Syrian rebels withdrew in busloads from a town in eastern Ghouta on Thursday and handed it over to the army, the first such surrender since one of the fiercest campaigns of the seven-year war began more than a month ago.

The Ahrar al-Sham group’s decision to accept the army’s terms and abandon the town of Harasta puts the government on course for its biggest victory over rebels since the battle of Aleppo in 2016.

And in another part of the same region, the controlling rebel group, Failaq al-Rahman, said a ceasefire had been agreed, to start within hours at midnight local time (2200 GMT), to allow a “final negotiating session” to take place.

After dark fell on Thursday, around 30 buses carrying rebel fighters and their families left Harasta. Syrian state media said the buses carried 1,580 people, including 413 rebel fighters given safe passage to northwestern Syria.

A military media unit run by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s ally Hezbollah said 1,500 fighters and 6,000 family members had agreed to leave.

An army officer interviewed on state television said rebels who had not yet negotiated similar deals to evacuate from other towns in eastern Ghouta must quit or die.

“Death is coming for you if you do not surrender,” he said.

The army’s assault on eastern Ghouta, the last major rebel bastion near the capital, has been one of the most intense in Syria’s seven-year-old war, killing more than 1,500 people in a relentless bombardment with warplanes, rockets and shells.

Before boarding the buses out of Harasta, a small group were shown on television in the fading light kneeling in a line for Islam’s sunset prayer - perhaps the last they would perform in their hometown. Children ran among the adults waiting to board.

Between 18,000 and 20,000 people were expected to stay in Harasta under government rule, a military source said.

Proven Tactics

The eastern Ghouta campaign has seen Syria and its Russian allies use the tactics that proved successful in other parts of the country since Moscow joined the war in 2015: lay siege to an area, bombard it, launch a ground assault and finally offer safe passage out to rebels who agree to leave with their families.

The government’s control of Harasta leaves eastern Ghouta’s rebels in control only of the town of Douma — under the control of Jaish al-Islam — and another pocket that includes the towns of Jobar, Ein Terma, Arbin and Zamalka — under the control of Failaq al-Rahman.

State television reported that more than 6,000 people had fled Douma since Wednesday, crossing over into government-held territory.

Government air strikes pummelled parts of the region on Thursday morning, striking Arbin and Zamalka and killing 19 people, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights war monitoring group.

Failaq al-Rahman’s Istanbul-based spokesman Wael Alwan said it had contacted the United Nations to mediate a ceasefire with Russian forces “in order to negotiate with the Russian side about finding a solution to guarantee the safety of civilians and to guarantee that their suffering stops”.

State media said rebels fired rockets from eastern Ghouta into Damascus on Thursday, killing two people. Television showed burning projectile parts on streets and in parks.

Surrender

On Sunday, Assad drove himself to a newly captured battlefront in eastern Ghouta, a demonstration of his seemingly unassailable position in a war that has been going his way since Russia sent its air force to help him in 2015.

The deal to surrender Harasta began on Thursday with a prisoner swap. In an interview with state television, a Syrian soldier freed by rebels wept and thanked God and the army for his release.

The Russian Defence Ministry website showed what it said was live footage from the al-Wafideen crossing point from Douma into government areas. Over a period of several minutes, it showed dozens of people in small groups coming around a corner and trekking along the dirt road past armed soldiers.

Some bore bundles of possessions, others carried small children or pushed prams.

Douma is the most populous area in eastern Ghouta, and for more than a week it has been entirely surrounded by the government. Jaish al-Islam has said it is determined to fight on. However, the Observatory said people leaving the area were doing so under an agreement between the group and Russia.

Ferocity

The Syrian government and Russia accuse rebels in eastern Ghouta of preventing civilians from leaving to use them as human shields, which the rebels deny. Moscow and Damascus say their campaign is needed to end rebel shelling of the capital and other nearby areas. On Tuesday, a rocket struck a marketplace in a government-held town, killing dozens.

However, the ferocity of the Syrian army’s offensive in eastern Ghouta has prompted Western condemnation and urgent pleas from United Nations humanitarian agencies for a ceasefire.

Russia’s Defence Ministry said that, since Russia began imposing “humanitarian pauses” almost a month ago, some 95,000 people had left eastern Ghouta for government territory.

The Harasta rebels will be taken to Idlib province in the northwest, which has become the main sanctuary for insurgents who agree to quit territory under deals with the government.

The northwestern province is the biggest remaining area under rebel control in Syria and its population has been doubled by refugees fleeing other areas.

But it too is a target for forces loyal to Assad, who vows he will reassert control over the entire country. The Observatory said that, over the previous 48 hours, air strikes on Idlib had killed at least 63 people.

A new massacre has just now struck #Harem City #Idlib countryside. The target was a vegetable market inside the city. @SyriaCiviDef teams are working urgently to respond to the rising victim toll which at last count was 20, evacuating them from the fallout of the bombing.: image via The White Helmets @SyriaCivilDef, 8:49AM 22 March 2018

16 children paid with their lives their desire for the future... they were at school and were assassinated by airstrikes in #Kafar_batikh village in #Idlib countryside...: image via Nino Fezza @nfcinereprter, 21 March 2018

Syria Civilians run following Syrian government air strikes on the Eastern #Ghouta rebel-held enclave of Douma. Photo @HasanMohamed #AFP: image via Frédérique Geffard @fgeffardAFP, 21 March 2018

Syria Civilians run following Syrian government air strikes on the Eastern #Ghouta rebel-held enclave of Douma. Photo @hamza_alajweh #AFP: image via Frédérique Geffard @fgeffardAFP, 21 March 2018

Mohammad, the @SyriaCivilDef rescue worker on the right, was killed while saving lives in Douma, #EasternGhouta along with two of his colleagues. RIP Mohammad al Awwa, Youssef al Hammouri, Waseem al Najjar.: image via The Syria Campaign @TheSyriaCmpgn, 21 March 2018

#EasternGhouta: image via Mouneb Taim @mouneb_abo_taim, 7:30 AM 22 March 2018

"On International #Mothers_Day [in Syria], 26 Syrian mothers buried their children.": image via Mouneb Taim @mouneb_abo_taim, 21 March 2018

150 rockets loaded with white phosphorus landed on the city of Douma in two minutes .. #Eastern_Ghouta #Douma": image via Mouneb Taim @mouneb_abo_taim, 19 March 2018

150 rockets loaded with white phosphorus landed on the city of Douma in two minutes .. #Eastern_Ghouta #Douma: image via Mouneb Taim @mouneb_abo_taim, 19 March 2018

Regime forces deliberately shelled the shelters to kill as many civilians as possible #Douma #EasternGhouta Today: march 22: image via Ahmad @Ahmad36120, 2:16 AM 22 March 2018

Today my house was destroyed, everything was deadly, But I am still alive #Douma #EasternGhouta March 21: image via Ahmad @Ahmad36120, 21 March 2018